
Response to the Green Paper on Social Media Reform in Malta
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyThe 3CL Foundation welcomes the Government’s green paper on social media reform. Regulatory interventions such as age-based restrictions can only achieve their intended protective effects if accompanied by broad societal adoption and a comprehensive digital literacy strategy spanning all generations.

Mathematical Literacy as Democratic Defence
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyDrawing from a recent 3CL podcast with Noah Giansiracusa, associate professor of mathematics and author, this blog post focuses on how digital platforms operate according to legible mathematical principles, and that understanding these principles constitutes a necessary foundation for democratic participation in technologically mediated societies.

The Death of End-to-end Encryption – Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) Detection
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyDenmark is now spearheading a renewed push for the EU's Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) detection proposal, a piece of legislation that would fundamentally alter how we communicate online. Whilst the stated goal of protecting children is…

Likes/Dislikes: The Internet’s Quantitative Quandary
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyA Bird’s Eye View…
The widespread use of social media among the general public has introduced an unprecedented variable into the equations of political scientists. In a desperate bid to understand it, the closest comparison many have made…

Meta’s Data Ecosystem: Legal Boundaries and Regulatory Challenges
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyFacebook, now operating as Meta, is a principal subject of ongoing privacy debates. The company’s business model is fundamentally dependent on tracking user activity and monetising online behaviour. Media scrutiny, regulatory investigations and government inquiries consistently highlight the centrality of data practices to Meta’s operations, suggesting that significant reform is improbable in the immediate future.

Beyond AI Companions
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyA growing number of young people and adults are turning to AI companions for friendship, comfort, or even love. People are turning to AI friends not just out of simple curiosity but to satisfy core human needs. Whilst this may seem convenient and non-demanding, it comes with deep risks. By outsourcing our emotional needs to AI companions, we risk losing the very skills that make us human: empathy, resilience, and connection.

Gen X in Limbo. A Mother’s Perspective.
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyGeneration X are in limbo: pioneers of the mobile and digital revolution, navigating unprecedented technological change, yet increasingly adrift in a complex digital landscape they helped create, struggling to protect, educate, and guide their children while grappling with risks, social pressures

Online Safety: Porn and Prevention
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyThe UK has enacted the Online Safety Act 2023, marking its latest attempt to protect children from harmful online content. A typical teenager today will be exposed to more images of naked individuals in a single day than their ancestors saw across entire lifetimes. This unprecedented level of exposure underscores the need for thoughtful intervention rather than blunt prohibition.

Online Identity for Gen Z. Who Do We Think We Are Online?
Critical Literacies & Human AgencyGen Z’s online identities are layered and negotiated, shaped by algorithmic pressures, peer feedback, and platform norms. While fragmentation and performativity can distort authenticity, digital minimalism and alt accounts allow agency, and intentional self-expression.